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What is an e-cigarette?
An electronic cigarette is a disposable or rechargeable battery powered personal vaporizer (PV) or inhaler, often in the form of a cigarette, and can contain either flavored nicotine liquid or refills with no nicotine. The nicotine strength can also be varied according to the user's requirement. High-power models are also available that do not resemble an ordinary cigarette but instead look like a thick tube or a small box with a mouthpiece attached.

Ecigarettes are a modern way to obtain nicotine and replace smoking - an alternative to smoking tobacco cigarettes, desirable since they are likely to be several orders of magnitude less harmful. They can also be used without nicotine. The liquids contain about half a dozen food grade ingredients that are all licensed for human consumption and considered acceptably safe, as against the 5,300 discovered so far in cigarette smoke of which many are known to be toxic and/or carcinogenic.

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Tuesday, August 12, 2008

Mechanical Agitation and Serial Dilution: An Option for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Sterilization

By Richard D. Parker, MD; Steven D. Maschke, MDJ Knee Surg. 2008; 21:186
July 2008

ABSTRACT
Contamination of tissue grafts can occur during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, necessitating decontamination. This study examined whether mechanical agitation and serial dilution provides greater bacterial eradication of experimentally contaminated bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts compared with antibiotic soak or pulsatile lavage. Forty bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts were contaminated with a bacterial suspension derived from operating room floor cultures. Four groups of specimens underwent immediate culture (control), antibiotic soak, pulsatile lavage, or mechanical agitation and serial dilution. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) for each group was statistically compared using t and chi-square tests. Each method of decontamination yielded a statistically significant reduction in CFU compared with the control. Analysis of positive versus negative cultures demonstrated a statistically significant difference between mechanical agitation and serial dilution compared with the other 2 methods. Mechanical agitation and serial dilution was the only method with 0 CFU and provided superior and consistent sterilization of experimentally contaminated grafts compared with antibiotic soak and pulsatile lavage.

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